Consider a closed containing a solid in equilibrium with its vapor. The volume of the solid is much less than that of the container. Let the partition function of the solid be given by Q-qss where Ns is the number of molecules in the solid phase. Minimize the total Helmholtz free energy at fixed N, V, and T, and show that the equilibrium condition is given by Ng=qo/q2 where Ng is the number of gas phase molecules and qg is the partition function of a gas phase molecule.

1. combine iron and copper (ii) sulfate solution. (hint: iron will form the iron (iii) ion) fe + cuso4 → 2. combine lead (ii) nitrate and potassium iodide solutions. pb(no3)2+ kl → 3. combine magnesium metal and hydrochloric acid solution. mg + hcl → 4. electrolysis (splitting) of water. h2o → 5. burning magnesium. mg + o2 →

Actual ingredients of lab (the cookies i am actually making) 1/2 cup sugar 1/2 cup brown sugar 1 1/3 stick margarine 1 egg 1/2 tsp salt 1 tsp vanilla 1/2 tsp baking soda 1 1/2 cup flour 1 1/3 cup chocolate chip can you answer the questions below ? discussion 1. suppose you are given the following amounts of ingredients: 1 dozen eggs 24 tsp. of vanilla 1 lb. (82 tsp.) of salt 1 lb. (84 tsp.) of baking soda 3 cups of chocolate chips 5 lb. (11 cups) of sugar 2 lb. (4 cups) of brown sugar 1 lb. (4 sticks) of margarine a. for each ingredient, calculate how many cookies could be prepared if all of that ingredient were consumed. (for example, the recipe shows that using 1 egg- with the right amounts of the other ingredients- yields 24 cookies. how many cookies can you make if the recipe is increased proportionately for 12 eggs? ) b. to determine the limiting reactant for the new ingredients list, identify which ingredient will result in the fewest number of cookies. c. what is the maximum number of cookies that can be produced from the new amounts of ingredients?

Skills of homo sapiens were found an excavation. the skulls were preserved because the bodies were frozen. so, these fossils are (blank) fossils. the image shows the evolution of skulls beginning 2 to 3 million years ago. based on the image, modern human skulls(blank) ape skulls.