In the PhET simulation window, click the Two Atoms menu in the top left corner of the screen. Click on the partial charges check box to see the partial charges of the atoms. Vary the electronegativity of atom A and atom B and observe the effects on the partial charge of each accordingly. Use the PhET to complete the sentences describing how electronegativity is related to bond dipole experienced by the molecule.

When two atoms with different electronegativities are bonded together, a bond dipole exists. These are displayed with an arrow originating at the atom with the lowest electronegativity and pointing toward the atom with the highest electronegativity.  

Partial charges will exist on each atom when a bond exists between two atoms with different electronegativities. Since the atom with a higher electronegativity will have a stronger ability to attract electron, it will have a partial negative charge. The atom with a lower electronegativity will have an equal and opposite positive charge. As the difference in electronegativity increases, the resulting magnitudes of the partial charges will increase.  

Bond character is used to describe the severity of the electronegativity differences between the two tans involved in a bond. Bonds that have ionic character correspond to a larger difference in electronegativities and covalent bond character corresponds to a smaller difference.  

For example, increasing the electronegativity of an atom A in the PhET simulation and decreasing the electronegativity of atom B will result in a bond that is more ionic in character.  

1. for the first question, we must find the mass of the anhydrous salt, mgso₄. the molar mass for mgso₄·7h₂o is 246.47 g/mol, while that of mgso₄ is 120.37 g/mol.7.834 g mgso₄·7h₂o * 1 mol mgso₄·7h₂o/246.47 g * 1 mol mgso₄/1 mol mgso₄·7h₂o * 20.37 g mgso₄/mol = 0.647 g mgso₄

2. mass of water = mass of sample - mass of anhydrous salemass of water = 7.834 - 0.647 = 7.19 gpercent water in hydrate = 7.19/7.834 * 100 = 91.74%

a rain shadow is a dry region of land on the side that is protected against the prevailing winds of a mountain range. the prevailing winds are the winds that occur most of the time in a particular place of the earth

prevailing winds carry air toward the mountain range. as the air rises up over a mountain range, the air cools, water vapor condenses, and clouds form. on this side of the mountains, called the windward side, precipitation falls in the form of  rain  or snow. this dry air produces a  rain shadow.