The cytochromes are heme‑containing proteins that function as electron carriers in the mitochondria. Calculate the difference in the reduction potential (ΔE∘′) and the change in the standard free energy (ΔG∘′) when the electron flow is from the carrier with the lower reduction potential to the higher.

cytochrome c1 (Fe3+) + e − <> cytochrome c1 (Fe2+) E∘′= 0.22 V
cytochrome c (Fe3+) + e − <---> cytochrome c (Fe2+) E∘′= 0.254 V

Calculate Δ E ∘ ′ and Δ G ∘ ′ .

Why do you suppose the structural polysaccharide cellulose does not contain branches? why do you suppose the structural polysaccharide cellulose does not contain branches? branches in the molecule would generate side chains that would almost certainly make it difficult to pack the cellulose molecules into globules, thereby decreasing the flexibility and strength of the globules. branches in the molecule would generate side chains that would almost certainly make it difficult to pack the cellulose molecules into microfibrils, thereby increasing the rigidity and strength of the microfibrils. branches in the molecule would generate side chains that would almost certainly make it difficult to pack the cellulose molecules into globules, thereby increasing the flexibility and strength of the globules. branches in the molecule would generate side chains that would almost certainly make it difficult to pack the cellulose molecules into microfibrils, thereby decreasing the rigidity and strength of the microfibrils.

How will the emission of an alpha particle affect the atomic number of an atom

Ammonium perchlorate nh4clo4 is the solid rocket fuel used by the u. s. space shuttle. it reacts with itself to produce nitrogen gas n2 , chlorine gas cl2 , oxygen gas o2 , water h2o , and a great deal of energy. what mass of nitrogen gas is produced by the reaction of 2.1g of ammonium perchlorate?