Separating mixtures of liquids can be very difficult, especially if they intimately mix together. One common way to separate such a mixture is by boiling them off based on their boiling point temperatures. Liquids that have low boiling points will evaporate first, and liquids with high boiling points will evaporate last. The vapor can be condensed on a cold surface to collect the liquid back. This is used quite often in organic chemistry to separate and reuse solvents. If you had a mixture of ethanol, glycerol, ethylene glycol, methanol and water, how could you separate these five substances out from the mixture

These five substances which are present in the form of mixture separated from each other through fractional distillation.

Explanation:

Fractional distillation is a method of separation in which liquids are separated from one another by boiling. There are compartments present in fractional distillation. The liquid which has low boiling point evaporated first and go to the top compartment while the liquid having high boiling point are present at the bottom compartment.

given:

mass of na = 115 g

excess cl2

to determine:

mass of nacl produced

explanation:

given reaction is-

2na(s) + cl2(g) → 2nacl(s)

since cl2 is in excess, na will be the limiting reagent

as per the reaction stoichiometry na: nacl = 1: 1

i.e. moles of na reacted = moles of nacl formed

now, # moles of na = mass of na/atomic mass

                                  = 115 g/23 g.mol-1 = 5 moles

therefore, moles of nacl = 5

molar mass of nacl = 58 g/mol

mass of nacl = 5 moles * 58 g.mol-1 = 290 g

ans: amount of nacl produced = 290 g