Suppose that 1 mL of an enzyme solution can completely catalyze 10 mL of substrate in 8 minutes. Now suppose that you change the amount of enzyme, the amount of substrate, or add another substance to the mixture. How would each type of change affect the reaction rate

Increase in enzyme concentration( >1 mL) with same (10 mL) of substrate.

If we increase the enzyme concentration with the same amount of substrate the reaction will be completed in less time than 8 minutes because more active sites would be converting reactants to products.

Decrease in enzyme concentration( <1 mL) with same (10 mL) of substrate.

If we decrease the enzyme concentration with the same amount of substrate the reaction will be completed in more time than 8 minutes due to less availability of enzymes catalytic sites..

Increase in substrate concentration (>10 mL) with the same amount of enzyme (1 mL).

If we increase the substrate concentration with same amount of enzyme the reaction would take more time than 8 minutes.

Decrease in substrate concentration (<10 mL) with the same amount of enzyme (1 mL).

If we decrease the substrate concentration with same amount of enzyme the reaction would take less time than 8 minutes.

Add another substance such as inhibitor to the mixture.

If we add inhibitor to the mixture it would temporarily or permanently block the active site of enzymes and reaction would be either take more time to be completed or it would never be completed.

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since the atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus, as we move to the left on the periodic table, the electrostatic pull between the nucleus and the valence electron shell decreases. as we move down a group (vertical column), the valence shell energy level gets further and further from the nucleus.