The (10) model of acids and bases states that an acid contains the element (11) and forms ions of this element when it is dissolved in water. A base contains the (12) group and dissociates to produce (13) ions in aqueous solution. According to the (14) model, an acid donates (15) ions, and a base accepts (16) ions. According to this model, in an acid-base reaction, each acid has a (17) , and each base has a (18) .

b) mutualism

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geosphere and hydrosphere.

this is because the geosphere has to do with geological events, while the hydrosphere controls all water on earth.

i believe the answer is true.

qualitative observation deals with data that can be observed with our senses: sight, smell, touch, taste, and hearing. they do not involve measurements or numbers. for instance, colors, shapes, and textures of objects are all qualitative observations.