Arrange the following solutions in order of increasing hydroxide ion concentration (lowest to highest):
a buffer solution with a pH of 11.0
0.5 M HCl
0.1 M HNO3
a solution of HNO2 with a pH of 4.0
water

0.5 M HCl lowest hydroxide ion concentration

0.1 M HNO3

HNO2 with a pH of 4.0

Water

A buffer solution with a pH of 11.0highest hydroxide ion concentration

Explanation:

A solution with higher number of hydrogen ions  is acidic thus has a low pH value.A solution with high number of hydroxide ions is basic thus has high value of pH.A buffer solution are those used to resist the change in the pH value of a solution when small amounts of strong acid or strong base are added.The pH value of pure water is 7 , however the normal value for pH in surface water is 6.5 to 8.5.

when atmosphere interacts with biosphere they focuses on on the sources and sinks of green house gases (ghgs) air pollutants, particular matters, water and energy between the earth's surface and the atmosphere. the biosphere affects the climate. the atmosphere and biosphere are in constant interaction with each other, and all living things rely on gases in the atmosphere for life. organisms such as animals take in oxygen gas form the atmosphere to use in every cell of their body for smooth functioning of daily routine exercises.

answer : one can design an experiment using a liquid and an additive that can be added to the liquid and observe the chemical changes in the reaction species.

one would need a beaker which is filled with a known amount of the liquid in which thermometer is placed to measure the temperature changes; after addition of the additive to the liquid solution one can note down the temperature change and find whether the reaction is endothermic or exothermic in nature. by subtracting the initial temperature value with the final temperature one can find the temperature changes.

various combinations of liquid and additive can be used. liquid in this case can be a known quantity of water and additives can be epsom salt or without epsom salt the experiment can be conducted to notice the changes. water and ice, hydrogen peroxide and dry yeast, vinegar and baking soda,etc.