Chemistry, 17.09.2019 17:30 aaronhorowitz36

Why are the molecules of hydrocarbons nonpolar?

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Hydrocarbon means the molecule is made of nothing but hydrogen and carbon. These are both nonpolar atoms, unlike other atoms like oxygen, nitrogen, and fluorine. These three are very polar and can take away some of the electrons from other atoms in a molecule

Answer from: ryleerenae52

Jujab3ar isn't really right there. Atoms aren't classed as polar or non-polar - they are however ranked in order of electronegativity, which affects the polarity of the chemical bonds they make with each other. In the periodic table,, electronegativity increases up the table and along towards Fluorine, the most electronegative atom. The reason hydrocarbons are non-polar is twofold: firstly hydrogen and carbon have very similar electronegativities, so the C-H bond (and consequently C=H etc) is virtually non-polar. Also the shape around each carbon atom in an alkane is tetrahedral, with the bonds arranged such that any bond dipoles cancel each other out across the molecule (trigonometry planar shapes in alkenes also exhibit this in general). I hope this helps you :)

Answer from: Quest

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Answer from: Quest

assuming that your periodic table has eighteen columns, you should highlight the four elements in the third column from the left of the table.

explanation

neutral atoms of elements after calcium contain d electrons. the energy of d orbitals of a particular main shell lies between the energy of the s and p orbitals of the next main shell. for example, electrons in the $3d$ have energy higher than those in the $4 s$ orbital while lower than those of the $4 p$ orbital.

by the aufbau principle, electrons fill orbitals one at a time, starting from those of the lowest energy. the $4s$ orbital is therefore filled right after $3p$ orbitals and before $3 d$ orbitals.

potassium has electron configuration $[\text{ar}] 4 s^{1}$ and calcium $[\text{ar}] 4 s^{2}$ . the s orbital of a main shell holds a maximum of two electrons. the next element would thus have the electron configuration $[\text{ar}] 4 s^{2} \; 3d^{1}$ and satisfy the requirements.

a neutral atom of the element contains three electrons on top of the most recent noble gas element. it should thus be placed in the third column of the periodic table. both scandium and yttrium would satisfy the conditions. an aufbau diagram indicates that the 4f orbital is filled before the 5d. however, it appears that exceptions exists for both lanthanum and actinium. neutral atoms of the two d-block elements also demonstrate the $ns^{2} \; (n-1) p^{1}$ and should be highlighted as well.