Ions that do not participate in a reaction are called ions.

spectator

electrolyte

aqueous

hydrogen

Ions that do not participate in a reaction are called _spectator ions

Explanation:

These spectator ions also do not affect the equilibrium of the reaction and remain the same on the reactants side as in the products' side. An example is a chemical reaction is between NaOH and HCl

The reactants will dissociate into Na+, OH-, H+, and Cl-. The OH- and H+ will react to form water but the  Na+ and Cl- will stay unchanged and dissolved in the water. Even if this water is removed the Na+ and Cl- will come together electrostatically to form crystals, still unchanged

water   molecules stay close to each other through cohesion, the collective action of hydrogen bonds between water molecules. cohesion plants draw water upwards from the root through the stem's transport tubes (xylem) to the leaf. this transport occurs even in large trees and against gravity. transpiration, evaporation of water from plant leaves, creates a tension on water molecules being pulled up from the stem and roots.

water also has high (the attraction of one substance to another) properties because of its polar nature. adhesion of water molecules to plant cell walls counteract gravity while water is transported from roots to leaves.

water exhibits a very high surface tension when compared to other liquids. surface tension is a property of a liquid that holds the surface together and allows it to resist an external force. by capillary action, the water forms concave menisci inside the pores. the high surface tension of water pulls the concavity outwards, generating enough force to lift water from the roots to the leaves of plants.

thus, cohesion, along with adhesion and surface tension creates a capillary action that keeps water molecules interacting and moving through the plants out to the leaf cells.

therefore, option d) is the correct answer.

explanation: