Propionibacterium species are tested for commercial-scale production of propionic acid. Propionic and other acids are synthesised in anaerobic culture using sucrose as the substrate and ammonia as the nitrogen source. Overall yields from sucrose are as follows:

propionic acid 40%(w/w)

acetic acid 20% (w/w)

butyric acid 5%(w/w)

lactic acid 3.4% (w/w)

biomass 12%(w/w)

Bacteria are inoculated into a vessel containing sucrose and ammonia; a total of 30kg of sucrose is consumed over a period of 10 days. What are the cooling requirements?

the seeing the electronic configuration we can say that the element is fluorine.

fluorine is the most electronegative element in the periodic table.

but by only seeing the configuration we cannot say about its reactivity because we don't know if its configuration after excitation or by addition of electrons.

but if not then, it is the lightest halogen and exists as a highly toxic pale yellow diatomic gas at standard conditions. as the most electronegative element, it is extremely reactive: almost all other elements, including some noble gases, form compounds with fluorine.