In each equation, label the acids, bases, and conjugate acid-base pairs. (Type your answer using the format [NO3]- for NO3-.)

(a) O2- + H2O <--> OH - + OH -
acid
base
conjugate acid
conjugate base

(b) HClO4 + H2SO4 <--> ClO4- + H3SO4+
acid
base
conjugate acid
conjugate base

(c) NH3 + HNO3 <--> NH4+ + NO3-
acid
base
conjugate acid
conjugate base

a) O²⁻ + H₂O <> OH⁻ + OH⁻

Acid = H₂O

Base = O²⁻

Conjugate Acid = OH⁻

Conjugate Base = OH⁻

b) HClO₄ + H₂SO₄ <> ClO₄⁻ + H₃SO₄⁺

Acid = HClO₄

Base = H₂SO₄

Conjugate Acid = H₃SO₄⁺

Conjugate Base = ClO₄⁻

c) NH₃ + HNO₃ <--> NH4⁺ + NO₃⁻

Acid = HNO₃

Base = NH₃

Conjugate Acid = NH4⁺

Conjugate Base = NO₃⁻

Explanation:

- Acids are molecules or ions capable of donating a proton (H⁺).

- Bases are molecules or ions that readily accept the H⁺ from acids.

- Conjugate Acids, according to the Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory, are chemical compounds formed after the reception of a proton (H⁺) from an acid by a base.

- Conjugate Bases, Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory, are the leftovers from when acids donate their proton (H⁺).

assuming that your periodic table has eighteen columns, you should highlight   the four elements in the third column from the left of the table.

neutral atoms of elements after calcium contain d electrons. the energy of d orbitals of a particular main shell lies between the energy of the s and p orbitals of the next main shell. for example, electrons in the have energy higher than those in the orbital while lower than those of the orbital.

by the aufbau principle, electrons fill orbitals one at a time, starting from those of the lowest energy. the orbital is therefore filled right after orbitals and before orbitals.  

potassium has electron configuration and calcium . the s orbital of a main shell holds a maximum of two electrons. the next element would thus have the electron configuration and satisfy the requirements.

a neutral atom of the element contains three electrons on top of the most recent noble gas element. it should thus be placed in the third column of the periodic table. both scandium and yttrium would satisfy the conditions. an aufbau diagram indicates that the 4f orbital is filled before the 5d. however, it appears that exceptions exists for both lanthanum and actinium. neutral atoms of the two d-block elements also demonstrate the and should be highlighted as well.

the answer is b because, investigating whether another species of moth also drinks tears might be interesting, but it would not directly explain why this species of moth does.

to explain why this species of moth drinks tears, the scientist could ask: "what nutrients that moths need are in elephant tears? "

the scientist could experiment with moth repellent or oter ways to keep the moths away, but that would not answer his original question.