Which of these is the most significant force that attracts polar molecules to
each other?
o
a. dipole-dipole attractions
b. covalent bond formations
o
c. van der waals interactions
o
d. ion-ion attractions

The answer is Dipole-dipole attractions

Explanation:

Polar molecules attract each other mainly due to the attraction between the opposite charges (positive and negative) known as DIPOLE, carried by their constituent molecules.

For example: Water (H2O) is Polar due to its dipole-dipole interaction, as the positively charged hydrogen ion (H+) is attracted to the negatively charged hydroxyl ion (OH-)

geosphere and hydrosphere.

this is because the geosphere has to do with geological events, while the hydrosphere controls all water on earth.