Determine if these molecules and ion are polar.
explain your answers.
a. h3o+
c. h2s
b. pci5
d. cf4

A) H₃O⁺ :   Polar

B) H₂S  :   Polar

C) PCI₅  :   Non-polar

D) CF₄  :   Non-polar

Polar molecules are molecules with a net dipole ( i.e. They are partially positive and partially negative ).

H₃O⁺ is a polar ion with a net charge as it contains a positive charge.

H₂S is a polar molecule because of the presence of two lone pairs of sulfur atoms and it has a bent structure just like water making it a polar molecule.

PCI₅ is a nonpolar molecule because the central atom ( P ) does not contain lone pairs of electrons.

CF₄ is a nonpolar molecule because it has tetrahedral geometry and does not have lone pairs on carbon atom.

Hence we can conclude the molecules and ion listed above are ; a) Polar, b) Polar, c) Non-polar and  d) Non-polar

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a. Polar

b. Polar

c. Non-polar

d. Non-polar

Explanation:

a. , hydronium cation contains a positive charge. Just as any other ion, it is polar, as it has a net charge.

b. has the same shape as water. There are two lone pairs on sulfur atom which produce an overall dipole moment in this molecule, the bent structure is polar.

c. is non-polar, as the central atom, phosphorus, doesn't contain any lone pairs, all the dipole moments cancel out: two dipole moments in the vertical plane, P-Cl, and three P-Cl dipoles in the horizontal plane within a trigonal bipyramidal shape.

d. is non-polar, since it's a tetrahedral molecule with no lone pairs on carbon atom, all four C-F dipole moments cancel out to yield a net 0 dipole moment.