Characterize the following atoms as being either nucleophilic or electrophilic. note: if one or more atoms are incorrectly placed, a single red x will appear on the top left.

(1) mg in mgo
(2) al in alcl3
(3) s in h2s
(4) hidrogen ion, h+

1 , 2 and 4→ Electrophilic

3 → Nucleophilic

Explanation:

1) since the O has higher electronegativity than Mg the electronic density in the bond will be shifted towards O , leaving Mg with partial positive charge → then Mg will be electrophilic since it will be attracted to compounds where there is a high electronic density.

2) since Cl has higher electronegativity than Al  , the electronic density will be shifted towards the 3 Cl atoms and leaving Al with partial positive charge → then Al will be electrophilic since it will be attracted to compounds where there is a high electronic density.

3) since S has higher electronegativity than H and also has lone electronic pairs, the electronic density will be shifted towards the S atom , leaving S with partial negative  charge → then S will be nucleophilic

3) since H+ has a positive charge will be attracted to compounds where there is a high electronic density.→ then H+ will be electrophilic

< > according to newton's third law of motion, forces always act in equal but opposite pairs. another way of saying this is for every action, there is an equal but opposite reaction.< >