According to the equation w = fd which statement tells what can be done to reduce the amount of force needed to accomplish work?

The statements are missing, but I can give you some analysis in the question.

You know that work is defined as the movement of an object caused by a force, and it can be calculated as:

W = Fd

where W is work, F is the force applied to the object and d is the distance that the object has been moved.

Then if you want to have constant work, let's call it  

W₁ = F₁*d₁

and you want to keep W₁ constant, but reduce the force applied, then we need to do:

W₁ = F₂*d₂

where F₁>F₂, then this means that d₂ must be bigger than d₁.

Then if you want to reduce the amount of force needed to do some given amount of work, you need to increase the moved distance, d.

the number of valence electrons for each molecule or ion is shown beneath the structure. remember hydrogen will not have more than two electrons. this hydrogen is part of a covalent bond (sharing two electrons). a double bond here would cause hydrogen to share four electrons with phosphorus.