Are the bonds in each of the following substances ionic, nonpolar covalent, or polar covalent? (a)kcl (b)p4 (c)bf3 (d)so2 (e)br2 (f)no2 for those substances with polar covalent bonds, which has the least polar bond? for those substances with polar covalent bonds, which has the most polar bond?

(a) Ionic

(b) Nonpolar covalent

(c) Polar covalent

(d) Polar covalent

(e) Nonpolar covalent

(f) Polar covalent

For those substances with polar covalent bonds, which has the least polar bond? NO₂

For those substances with polar covalent bonds, which has the most polar bond? BF₃

Explanation:

Are the bonds in each of the following substances ionic, nonpolar covalent, or polar covalent?

The nature of a bond depends on the modulus of the difference of electronegativity (|ΔEN|) between the atoms that form it.

(a) KCl    |ΔEN| = |EN(K) - EN(Cl)| = |0.8 - 3.0| = 2.2. The bond is ionic.

(b) P₄      |ΔEN| = |EN(P) - EN(P)| = |2.1 - 2.1| = 0.0. The bond is nonpolar covalent.

(c) BF₃    |ΔEN| = |EN(B) - EN(F)| = |2.0 - 4.0| = 2.0. The bond is polar covalent.

(d) SO₂   |ΔEN| = |EN(S) - EN(O)| = |2.5 - 3.5| = 1.0. The bond is polar covalent.

(e) Br₂    |ΔEN| = |EN(Br) - EN(Br)| = |2.8 - 2.8| = 0.0. The bond is nonpolar covalent.

(f) NO₂   |ΔEN| = |EN(N) - EN(O)| = |3.0 - 3.5| = 0.5. The bond is polar covalent.

explanation:

since this is put under health, i would define "ethical (medical) behavior" the way the oath for doctors is recited.   "first do no harm."

but the term in general means when given a choice between right and wrong, we should always choose right. if we do, then we are practicing ethical behavior.

explanation:

metals have excess of electrons whereas non-metals have deficiency of electrons. thus, in order to gain stability metals easily donate their electrons to the non-metals.

for example, electronic configuration of sodium is and electronic configuration of phosphorous is .

when a phosphorous atom and sodium atom combine together then sodium will donate is extra one electron to the phosphorous atom. as a result there will be formation of ionic bond between sodium and phosphorous.

the reaction will be as follows.

there, are three sodium sodium atoms and each of them will donate its one extra electron to phosphorous atom. thus, the sub-shell of phosphorous gets completely filled.  

thus, we can conclude that electrons are transferred from atoms of sodium to atoms of phosphorous. this transfer makes the sodium atoms donate one electron and the phosphorous atoms to gain one electron. as a result, the sodium and phosphorus atoms strongly attract each other.