¿cuál de los siguientes no acelera a una reacción?
a. alta temperatura
b. más superficie
c. baja presión de aire
d. catalizador

The correct answer is B).

Explanation:

The factors that accelerate a chemical reaction are:

- Temperature: at a higher temperature, the speed of a reaction is increased.

- Pressure: the higher this is, the greater the collisions between molecules and an acceleration of the reaction speed will occur.

-Catalysts: correspond to substances that accelerate chemical reactions, an example are enzymes. There are catalysts that increase the reaction rate and others that generate the opposite effect (they are inhibitors).

There are also other factors that accelerate a chemical reaction such as the concentration of reagents.

explanation:

metals have excess of electrons whereas non-metals have deficiency of electrons. thus, in order to gain stability metals easily donate their electrons to the non-metals.

for example, electronic configuration of sodium is and electronic configuration of phosphorous is .

when a phosphorous atom and sodium atom combine together then sodium will donate is extra one electron to the phosphorous atom. as a result there will be formation of ionic bond between sodium and phosphorous.

the reaction will be as follows.

there, are three sodium sodium atoms and each of them will donate its one extra electron to phosphorous atom. thus, the sub-shell of phosphorous gets completely filled.  

thus, we can conclude that electrons are transferred from atoms of sodium to atoms of phosphorous. this transfer makes the sodium atoms donate one electron and the phosphorous atoms to gain one electron. as a result, the sodium and phosphorus atoms strongly attract each other.