Determine whether each redox reaction occurs spontaneously in the forward direction.
a. ni(s) + zn2 + (aq) ¡ ni2 + (aq) + zn(s)
b. ni(s) + pb2 + (aq) ¡ ni2 + (aq) + pb(s)
c. al(s) + 3 ag+ (aq) ¡ al3 + (aq) + 3 ag(s)
d. pb(s) + mn2 + (aq) ¡ pb2 + (aq) + mn(s)

Explanation:

a. Ni(s) + Zn2 + (aq) ¡ Ni2 + (aq) + Zn(s)   non spontaneous

b. Ni(s) + Pb2 + (aq) ¡ Ni2 + (aq) + Pb(s)      spontaneous

c. Al(s) + 3 Ag+ (aq) ¡ Al3 + (aq) + 3 Ag(s)    Reduction spontaneous

d. Pb(s) + Mn2 + (aq) ¡ Pb2 + (aq) + Mn(s)     non spontaneous

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explanation:

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while cooking a piece of 1/2 pound beef steak, a cast iron pan (2.4kg in weight) was heated 260 celsius.