1. if all the variables, other than nucleophilicity, are being held constant, why are different masses of sodium bromide and sodium chloride used? 2. prepare if/then statements on the possible outcomes of the experiment. for example, if sodium bromide is more nucleophilic, be sure to include specific results you would expect to see. in other words, how will that be reflected in the data? 3. draw the setup needed for a reflux. should the condenser by capped? 4. what property determines which layer is on top or bottom in an extraction? what are the values for 1-butanol, 1-bromobutane and 1-chlorobutane? will the organic layer be on top or bottom? if you are not sure, how can you verify which layer is organic? 5. why will the gc syringe be washed with pentane before it is used with the sample?