How can scientists study the inner structure of the atom

Does anyone know a lot about how to: - calculate mass of magnesium metal - calculate the actual yield of magnesium oxide - calculate the theoretical yield of mgo - calculate the percent yield of mgo - determine the percent yield of mgo - determine the average percent yield of mgo i had to do an online lab and its asking these questions but i have no idea where to start or how to be able to find these things. i can post the chart of the data from the lab or if you can tell me exactly how i can find each.

Asample of air with a volume of 2.20m3 at a pressure of 105 kpa and a temperature of 30c is cooled to 10c and the pressure is reduced to 75.0 kpa. what is the new volume? 6.9 1.34 2.56 43.0 2.88

Ais a mountain created from eruptions of lava, ash, rocks, and hot gases.