Carboxylic acids can be made by the hydrolysis of nitriles, which in turn can be made from an alkyl halide. draw the structures of a starting alkyl bromide and the intermediate nitrile that would be used in the synthesis of 3-methylbutanoic acid (also known as isovaleric acid). do not show free ions.

The alkyl bromide will be:1-bromo-2-methylpropane

The nitrile will be: 3-methylbutanenitrile

Explanation:

The hydrolysis of nitrile and its synthesis from alkyl halid is shown in the figure.

The target acid contains five carbons so we need a four carbon alkyl bromide which will give five carbon nitrile.

The alkyl bromide will be:1-bromo-2-methylpropane

We will react the alkyl bromide with NaCN to give nitrile.

The nitrile will be: 3-methylbutanenitrile

as given the equation is

2al + 6 hcl > 2 alcl3 + 3 h2(g)

as per equation two moles of aluminum reacts with six moles of hcl to give two moles of alcl3 and three moles of hydrogen gas

given: three moles of al are present and 7 moles of hcl

for three moles of aluminum nine moles of hcl will be required

however as 7 moles of hcl are present so the limiting reagent is hcl

hcl is going to decide the number of moles of product formed

when six moles of hcl are present = 3 moles of h2 are formed

when one mole of hcl is present == 3/6 mole sof h2 will be formed

when 7 moles of hcl are present = 3 x 7/ 6 moles of h2 will be formed = 3.5 moles of h2

answerspecific gravity;