The water-gas shift reaction plays a central role in the chemical methods for obtaining cleaner fuels from coal: co(g) + h2o(g) ⇌ co2(g) + h2(g) a study was made in which equilibrium was reached with [co] = [h2o] = [h2] = 0.10 m and [co2] = 0.40 m. after 0.30 mol of h2 is added to the 2.0−l container and equilibrium is reestablished, what are the new concentrations of all the components?

The concentration of carbon dioxide, hydrogen gas, carbon monoxide and water when equilibrium is re-established are 0.362 M, 0.212 M, 0.138 M and 0.138 M respectively.

Explanation:

For the given chemical reaction:

The expression of for above reaction follows:

        ........(1)

We are given:

Putting values in above equation, we get:

To calculate the molarity of solution, we use the equation:

Moles of hydrogen gas = 0.30 mol

Volume of solution = 2.0 L

Putting values in above equation, we get:

When hydrogen gas is added, the concentration of product gets increased. But, by Le-Chatelier's principle, the equilibrium will shift in the direction where concentration of product must decrease, which is in the backward direction.

Concentration of hydrogen gas when equilibrium is re-established = 0.1 + 0.15 = 0.25 M

Now, the equilibrium is shifting to the reactant side. The equation follows:

Initial:              0.1      0.1                 0.4       0.1

At eqllm:       0.1+x   0.1+x           0.4-x      0.25-x

Putting values in expression 1, we get:

Neglecting the negative value of 'x'

Calculating the concentrations of the species:

Concentration of carbon dioxide = (0.4 - x) = (0.4 - 0.038) = 0.362 M

Concentration of hydrogen gas = (0.25 - x) = (0.25 - 0.038) = 0.212 M

Concentration of carbon monoxide = (0.1 + x) = (0.1 + 0.038) = 0.138 M

Concentration of water = (0.1 + x) = (0.1 + 0.038) = 0.138 M

Hence, the concentration of carbon dioxide, hydrogen gas, carbon monoxide and water when equilibrium is re-established are 0.362 M, 0.212 M, 0.138 M and 0.138 M respectively.

the density(ratio between mass and volume as m/v) decreases from top to bottom in periodic table group as the size increases and nuclear charge decreases. but in periods density increases from left to right as atom size decreases and nuclear charge increases.