Where do the materials that we use to make plastic bags, crayons and polyester (for clothes) come from?

a) they are made from animal byproducts

b) they are made from petroleum products

c) they are made from plant materials

d) they are made from dirt and rocks

The materials that we use to make plastic bags, crayons and polyester (for clothes) come from petroleum products

Explanation:

Plastics from which plastic bags are obtained by fractional distillation of crude oil. Crude oil is mixture of several components that can be obtained at different stages of the fractional distillation.

Naphtha, a vital component used in preparation of  plastics is also got from petroleum. similarly paraffin wax which is used to make crayons is also obtained during the fractional distillation of petroleum. similarly the acids and alcohol required to produce polyester also comes from petroleum.

the electronic configuration of an atom with eight electrons is 1s²2s²2p⁴. the orbital diagrams are shown in the figure.

as per the hunds rule:

1. electrons tend to avoid being in the same orbital as per as practicable.

2. electrons in different orbitals of the same energy will have their spin parallel.

this can be illustrated from the multiplicity of the orbitals of the atom. as there are four electrons in the p orbital and p orbital has 3 sub-shells. the electrons can be fed in different ways as shown in the figure but the correct orbital diagram will be as per the hunds rule.

plasma is the state of matter where the substance is ionized and has no definite shape or volume. the fact of being ionized makes the substance a good electrical conductor.