Which of the following experiments would be considered unethical?
a. taking blood samples from patients for research purposes
without consent
b. addressing possible risks to fish before testing a new pesticide
c. using the fewest number of animals necessary for an experiment
d. testing irritating substances on an animal's skin but restricting it
to very small areas

taking blood samples  from patients for research for purposes without consent

Explanation: i just took the test on apex

explanation:

metals have excess of electrons whereas non-metals have deficiency of electrons. thus, in order to gain stability metals easily donate their electrons to the non-metals.

for example, electronic configuration of sodium is and electronic configuration of phosphorous is .

when a phosphorous atom and sodium atom combine together then sodium will donate is extra one electron to the phosphorous atom. as a result there will be formation of ionic bond between sodium and phosphorous.

the reaction will be as follows.

there, are three sodium sodium atoms and each of them will donate its one extra electron to phosphorous atom. thus, the sub-shell of phosphorous gets completely filled.  

thus, we can conclude that electrons are transferred from atoms of sodium to atoms of phosphorous. this transfer makes the sodium atoms donate one electron and the phosphorous atoms to gain one electron. as a result, the sodium and phosphorus atoms strongly attract each other.

po-215 i got it right on the quiz