1the energies of macroscopic objects as well as those of microscopic ones are quantized, but the effects of the quantization are not seen because the difference in energy between adjacent states is so small. apply bohr’s quantization of angular momentum to the revolution of the earth (mass 6.0 x 1024 kg), which moves with a velocity of 3.0 x 104 m/s in a circular orbit (radius 1.5 x 1011 m) about the sun. the sun can be treated as fixed. calculate the value of the quantum number n for the present state of the earth-sun system. what would be the effect of an increase in n by 1?

answer: the enthalpy of the overall chemical reaction is +87.88 kj or +88 kj.

according to hess's law, the overall enthalpy of a reaction is the difference between the sum of enthalpy values of all the products and the sum of enthalpy values of all the reactants.

δh(reaction) = ∑nδh(products) - ∑nδh(reactants)

δh(reaction) = [δh +δh] - [δh]

δh(reaction) = [1(-287.02) + 1(0) ] - [1(-374.9)] kj = +87.88 kj

here, δh (pcl3) = -287.02 kj, δh(cl2) = 0, δh(pcl5) = -374.9 kj

therefore, enthalpy of the overall reaction is +87.88 kj or +88 kj.

c, liquids evaporate, creating a gas

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