In a student experiment, the empirical formula of a copper halide was found by adding aluminum metal to an aqueous solution of the halide, displacing copper metal. the copper metal was filtered, washed with distilled water, dried, and weighed; three separate determinations were performed. the copper halide solution contained 42.62 g of copper chloride per liter. the student recorded the following experimental data. trial volume of copper chloride solution (ml) mass of filter paper (g) mass of filter paper with copper (g) a 49.6 0.908 1.694 b 48.3 0.922 1.693 c 42.2 0.919 1.588 part a write the empirical formula of copper chloride based on the experimental data.

The Empirical formula of copper chloride based on the experiment data is CuCl₃

In this case we first determine the mass of each atom in the compound from data given.

Mass of copper in Trial A = 1.694 - 0.908 = 0.786  

Mass of copper in Trial B = 1.693 - 0.922 = 0.771  

Mass of copper in Trial C = 1.588 - 0.919 = 0.669  

Average mass of copper = (0.786 + 0.771 + 0.669) ÷ 3  

                                         = 0.742 g of Copper

Volume in Trial A = 49.6 ml

Volume in Trial B = 48.3 ml

Volume in Trial C = 42.2 ml

Average volume of copper chloride = (49.6 + 48.3 + 42.2) ÷ 3

                                                            = 46.7 ml or  

                                                            = 0.046 L

But we are given 42.62 g of copper chloride in a liter, therefore;

Using proportions  

1 L = 42.62 g Copper chloride  

0.046 L will contain;  

= (42.62 g CuClₓ × 0.0467 L) ÷ 1

= 1.99 g Copper Chloride  

Mass of chlorine = Mass of copper chloride – mass of copper  

                           = 1.99 g – 0.742 g  

                          = 1.24 g chlorine  

Moles = mass / atomic mass  

Moles of copper = 0.742 g / 63.55 g/mol  

                          = 0.0117 moles copper  

Moles of Chlorine = 1.24 g/35.45 g/mol  

                             = 0.0350 moles Chlorine  

Copper: Chlorine

0.0117 moles : 0.0350 moles  

     = 1 : 2.98  

    = 1 : 3 (whole number ratio)

Therefore, the empirical formula of copper chloride is CuCl₃

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