For these expressions, energies are expressed in electron volts per k+ –cl– pair, and r is the distance in nanometers. the net energy en is just the sum of the two expressions above. (a) superimpose on a single plot en, er, and ea versus r up to 1.0 nm. (b) on the basis of this plot, determine (i) the equilibrium spacing r0 between the k+ and cl– ions, and (ii) the magnitude of the bonding energy e0 between the two ions.

gas

explanation:

smoke is the matter of a gas

1 is the answer to this problem

ca has a crystalline lattice with positive ions (since it is a metal, metals are positively charged) and electrons flow freely in its structure since the ca atoms have a large nuclear radius so the electrons are not tightly held, therefore the electrons can flow freely since they are not being highly attracted by the nucleus. moreover, one of the properties of metals are that they are conductors of electricity, thus proving ca is the element.