For MgO = 68%
For GaP = 3.5%
For CsF = 92.15 %
For CdS = 17.6%
For FeO = 47.8%
Explanation:
The ionic compound is formed by the complete transfer of electron from one atom to another. The one atom thus carry the positive charge while the other which accept the electron became negative. like in case of NaCl . This have 100% ionic character.
In covalent bond, the bond is formed by the sharing of electron between two atoms. The one atom which greatly pull the electrons towards itself is became partial negative while the other became partial positive atom. In this way electronegativity difference is created. For example in MgO, Mg is partial positive and has 1.31 electronegativity while the electronegativity of oxygen is 3.44.
Percent ionic character:
Formula:
%ionic character = [1- e∧-(0.25)(x)²] × 100
X= XA - XB
XA = higher electronegativity
XB = lower electronegativity
For MgO:
X = 3.44 - 1.31
X = 2.13
now we will determine the %ionic character.
%ionic character = [1- e∧-(0.25)(x)²] × 100
%ionic character = [1- e∧-(0.25)(2.13)²] × 100
%ionic character = [1- e∧-(0.25)(4.54)] × 100
%ionic character = [1- e∧-(1.135)] × 100
%ionic character = [1- 0.32)] × 100
%ionic character = 0.68 × 100
%ionic character = 68 %
For GaP:
Ga = 1.81
P = 2.19
X = 2.19 - 1.81 = 0.38
now we will determine the %ionic character.
%ionic character = [1- e∧-(0.25)(x)²] × 100
%ionic character = [1- e∧-(0.25)( 0.38)²] × 100
%ionic character = [1- e∧-(0.25)(0.1444)] × 100
%ionic character = [1- e∧-(0.0361)] × 100
%ionic character = [1- 0.965)] × 100
%ionic character = 0.035 × 100
%ionic character = 3.5 %
For CsF:
Cs = 0.79
F= 3.98
X= 3.98- 0.79 = 3.19
now we will determine the %ionic character.
%ionic character = [1- e∧-(0.25)(x)²] × 100
%ionic character = [1- e∧-(0.25)( 3.19)²] × 100
%ionic character = [1- e∧-(0.25)(10.18)] × 100
%ionic character = [1- e∧-(2.545)] × 100
%ionic character = [1- 0.0785)] × 100
%ionic character = 0.9215 × 100
%ionic character = 92.15 %
For CdS:
Cd = 1.7
S = 2.58
X = 2.58 - 1.7 = 0.88
now we will determine the %ionic character.
%ionic character = [1- e∧-(0.25)(x)²] × 100
%ionic character = [1- e∧-(0.25)( 0.88)²] × 100
%ionic character = [1- e∧-(0.25)(0.774)] × 100
%ionic character = [1- e∧-(0.1936)] × 100
%ionic character = [1- 0.824)] × 100
%ionic character = 0.176 × 100
%ionic character = 17.6 %
For FeO:
Fe = 1.83
O = 3.44
X= 3.44 - 1.83 = 1.61
now we will determine the %ionic character.
%ionic character = [1- e∧-(0.25)(x)²] × 100
%ionic character = [1- e∧-(0.25)( 1.61)²] × 100
%ionic character = [1- e∧-(0.25)(2.6)] × 100
%ionic character = [1- e∧-(0.65)] × 100
%ionic character = [1- 0.522)] × 100
%ionic character = 0.478 × 100
%ionic character = 47.8 %
