For a particular reaction, δh∘=67.7 kj/molδh∘=67.7 kj/mol and δ∘=126.9 j/(mol⋅k).δs∘=126.9 j/(mol⋅k). assuming these values change very little with temperature, at what temperature does the reaction change from nonspontaneous to spontaneous in the forward direction?

For temperatures higher than 533.49 K we will see a spontaneous reaction, and for temperatures lower than that the reaction will not be spontaneous.

Explanation:

When are chemical reactions spontaneous? To find out we need to look at the reaction's change in Gibbs Free energy:

When this is greater than zero, the reaction isn't spontaneous, when it is less than zero, we have a spontaneous reaction. The reaction must then change from spontaneous to non spontaneous when . If we insert that into our equation we get:

That is the temperature at which the reaction's spontaneity will change, plugging in our values we find:

At that temperature we have  .

Now, at a temperature greater than this one, the entropy term in our equation for the Gibbs' free energy of reaction will take over, and make  , thus the reaction will be spontaneous.

On the other hand, if we lower the temperature, we will have a smaller entropy term, and we will have:  . That is, the reaction will not be spontaneous. Therefore for temperatures higher than 533.49 K we will see a spontaneous reaction, and for temperatures lower than that the reaction will not be spontaneous.

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