21. (bonus)which of the following species is more likely to be an electrophile, and which a nucleophile? could any of these be both electrophilic and nucleophilic? if so, which? write the letter of the species in the correct blank(s). note: it may be to draw the lewis structures of each species to better determine the answer. a) nh4 d) ch3nh2 electrophilic? b) ch3oh e) h30* nucleophilic? c) cn f) oh both?

a) NH₄⁺ - Electrophile

b) CH₃OH - Nucleophile

c) CN⁻ - Nucleophile

d) CH₃NH₂ - both

e) H₃O⁺ - Electrophile

Explanation:

A nucleophile will have electrons capable of attacking a positive or partially positive atom. Therefore, the higher the electronic density, the better the specie will act as a nucleophile. Both CH₃OH and CN⁻ have high electronic density are likely to be nucleophiles.

An electrophile will have lack electronic density, having more positively charged atoms. Both NH₄⁺  and H₃O⁺ are positively charged and are likely to be electrophiles.

CH₃NH₂ has a more positive carbon and a more negative nitrogen. Therefore, this moleculecould act both as a nucleophile and as an electrophile.

The figure attached shows the lewis structure of the species.