At what ph range bayer process operate? and why?

Explanation:

Bayer process is industrial method of the refining of the bauxite to produce alumina which is aluminum oxide.

As alumina is amphoteric in nature, it exhibits a higher solubility at both the extremes of pH range, it is possible to dissolve alumina in low as well as in high pH solutions.

Dissolution of the alumina at high pH is well recognized in Bayer process. Bauxite is digested in very high pH solution (> 13)  of alkali like sodium hydroxide at temperature of about 150–250°C and pressure at 20 atm. This is done so that the dissolved alumina is separated from rest of insoluble bauxite minerals.

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"among the transition metal elements, manganese and zinc have a slight lowering of electronegativities. the reason behind this is that the nuclear charges of these elements are slightly weaker than the other transition metal elements due to the way their valence electrons are filled up. both manganese and zinc have their valence electrons filled up to the 4th shell with 1 pair of electrons (4s2) completely occupying it. although the electrons in the 3rd shell (3d) are yet to be paired since the outer most shell is filled up, the ability of the nucleus to attract electrons is lessened. hence,   the electronegativity (or the ability to attract electrons) is lessened."