In a voltaic cell, the
electrons and is oxidized, while
electrons and is reduced.

In a voltaic cell, anodic electrons gets oxidized and cathodic electrons gets reduced.

Explanation:

A voltaic cell is defined as an electrochemical cell which converts a chemical reaction leads to the production of electrical energy.

In these cells, oxidation reaction occurs at anode electrode and reduction reaction occurs at cathode electrode.

Oxidation reaction is defined as the reaction in which an atom looses its electrons. The atom gets oxidized during this reaction.

Reduction reaction is defined as the reaction in which an atom gains electrons. The atom gets reduced during this reaction.

Hence, in a voltaic cell, anodic electrons gets oxidized and cathodic electrons gets reduced.

the dependant variable is spilled water

the independent is the heat