Common practice in processing plants is to clad pipe insulation with an aluminum foil coating to prevent heat losses by radiation. because of dust and other pollutants in the air, the aluminum foil surface, which is initially bright, will become dull with time. typically, the emissivity might change from 0.10 at installation to 0.36 with extended service. for a 300-mm diameter foil-covered pipe whose surface temperature is 90°c, determine the fraction of heat loss from the pipe due to radiation before and after dulling of the foil. consider two cases with surrounding and ambient air at 25°c: (a) quiescent air and (b) a cross wind velocity of 10 m/s. assume the pipe is horizontal and sees only the sky at tsky-18°c

Part b: study of equilibrium on solubility: mg(oh)2(s) ⇌ mg2+(aq) + 2 oh–(aq) cloudy clear (pink) 7. a. b. 8. a. b. 9. 10. 11. 12. when adding concentrated hydrochloric acid, how did the appearance of the equilibrium mixture change? the change in appearance indicated a shift in the point of equilibrium. in which direction did the equilibrium shift? (l) left (r) right explain your answer to question 7a. you should indicate which ion was added to or removed from the equilibrium mixture. when adding edta, how did the appearance of the equilibrium mixture change? the change in appearance indicated a shift in the point of equilibrium. in which direction did the equilibrium shift? (l) left (r) right explain your answer to question 8a. you should indicate which ion was added to or removed from the equilibrium mixture. upon heating in which direction is the equilibrium shifting? upon cooling in which direction is the equilibrium shifting? is the forward reaction a. endothermic explain your answers to questions 9, 10, and 11. (l) left (r) right (l) left (r) right b. exothermic