Apharmacy intern had just finished mixing a morphine drip for a patient when he received word that the morphine drip was discontinued by the physician. the pharmacy intern had originally placed 5ml of morphine 20 mg/ml solution into 500 ml bag of dextrose. rather than waste the solution , the intern decided to make the morphine drip into morphine pca syringes which contain 50ml of a 1 mg/ml morphine solution. calculate how much 20 mg/ml of the morphine stock solution is needed to be added to the solution. assume the volumes being added are negligible, meaning the final iv bag volume is 500 ml . round you answer to whole number.

explanation: it gains negative electrons, therefore becoming negatively charged. as charge cannot be created, nor destroyed, only transferred, this leaves the wool positive. now that they have opposite charges, the two items attract.

1. the question asks the most appropriate, which seems to rule out "all of the above." your choice appears to be the correct one.

2. the protocol described is good for identifying correlation, but not cause and effect. for cause/effect, you need to devise a protocol that will assign the treatment (or not) to groups that have essentially the same "demographics" with respect to all the other variables. your choice regarding control group seems appropriate. random assignment of treatment (choice d) may be appropriate also. (i think you can argue that b and d are just different descriptions of the same method.)

3. d will randomize the birds, but may not guarantee there are 10 in each group. e will do both, so seems the better choice.

comment on question 2

based on the problem statement, it seems clear that confident, attentive drivers are more likely to use daytime running lights. so, the protocol might need to be devised in such a way that the lights would be turned on or off without the driver's knowledge. (an attentive driver will figure it out.) assigning a confident, attentive driver to a group required to drive without running lights might mess with his/her confidence and attentiveness. you don't want your experiment to do that. (nor do you want the experiment to subject a driver to greater risk of accident as a consequence of driving without running lights.) experiments involving human safety are always problematic.