What will most likely happen when stress is applied to an equilibrium reaction? the system will not respond to the stress. the system will use catalysts to change its equilibrium. the equilibrium position will shift to increase the applied stress. the system will change its concentration to shift to a new equilibrium position.

The system will change its concentration to shift to a new equilibrium position.

Explanation:

For example  in the Haber Process

N2  +  3H2  ⇄  2NH3

If the pressure is increased the  process will move to the right - to have more NH3 and less of the nitrogen and hydrogen.

The system will change its concentration to shift to a new equilibrium position.

Explanation:

According to Le Chatelier’s principle when a stress is applied to a system, the equilibrium shifts to counteract the applied stress, such that a new equilibrium position is formed.  

For example, ice and water is taken in a closed container. Let the temperature of the closed container be raised. The equilibrium of the system will shift to the product side, it will use up the added energy and more water will be formed from the ice.  

ice + energy --> water

- calcium has greater affinity to bond with electron receptors than hydrogen does and hence, it has the ability to replace hydrogen in most of its compounds.

- lithium has 2 valence electrons in the product because it can make only 1 bond with hydrogen. beryllium has 4 valence electrons in the product because it can only make 2 bonds. it has fewer electrons than neon and can react with electron donors. each hydrogen has 2 valence electrons, the same as helium.

- the covalent bond formed between carbon and hydrogen is polar because carbon is more electronegative than hydrogen and it attracts the bonded electron pair closer to itself, thus giving hydrogen a partial positive charge.

- a hydrogen bond is a relatively weak bond that hydrogen atoms make with the electronegative atoms nitrogen, oxygen or fluorine.

so the best choice is a.) 2 calcium (ca) atoms

1.solid

2.carbon dioxide

3.helium