Why is the second ionization energy greater than the first ionization energy?

a. the size of atoms increases down a group.

b. the size of anions decreases across a period.

c. it is more difficult to remove a second electron from an atom.

d. the nuclear attraction from protons in the nucleus decreases.

Your answer is C.

because The reason the second ionization energy is higher than the first relates to the attraction between the electrons and the nucleus. When one electron is removed from an atom, the neutral atom becomes positive. ... Thus, the second electron is harder to remove and the ionization requires more energy.

C. It is more difficult to remove a second electron from an atom.

both adhesion and cohesion are attractions.

they are different in that adhesion is the force of attraction between the molecules of two different substances, whereas cohesion is the force of attraction between molecules of the same substance.

possible examples include capillary action, in which the adhesion between water and glass causes the water to rise in a narrow tube against the force of gravity.

because of hydrogen bonding, water is extremely cohesive.

this causes molecules on the surface of water to be drawn inward, which is why drops of water form beads on smooth surfaces.

hope this .