Low ionization energies are most characteristic of atoms that are

Low ionization energies are most characteristic of atoms that are metals, I believe.

Low ionization energies are most characteristic of atoms that are Metals

Metals tend to lose electrons in chemical reactions, as indicated by their low ionization energies. Ionization energy is the quantity of energy that an isolated, gaseous atom in the ground electronic state must absorb to discharge an electron, resulting in a cation. In metals the valence electrons are farther away from the positively charge nucleus, so the force of attraction is low therefore metals have low ionization energy.

the best answer is d because the strong cohesion is caused by the ability of water molecules to undergo hydrogen bonding.

a is incorrect because when water solidifies, it becomes   ice, which expands and occupies a bigger volume for the same mass of water in its liquid state.

b is incorrect because water has high surface tension. besides bonding to itself it hydrogen bonds to other molecules at the top decreasing possibility for breaking of attractive forces.

c is incorrect because the water molecule has oxygen which is highly electronegative and so pulls the electron pair towards itself creating a dipole moment, making the molecule polar.

e is incorrect because water has strong adhesion, ability to stick to other molecules such as glass because of this molecules having stronger hydrogen bonding than water.