Which of the following elements would you expect to have the highest ionization energy value, and why?

a. chlorine (cl), because it has a low effective nuclear charge and low radius
b. fluorine (f), because it has a large radius and naturally forms a negative ion
c. lithium (li), because it has a small radius and naturally forms a positive ion
d. neon (ne), because it has a high effective nuclear charge and small radius

D. Neon (Ne), because it has a high effective nuclear charge and small radius

Explanation:

Ionization energy is the amount of energy required to remove an electron from the valence orbital.

Chlorine (Cl) and fluorine (F) are halogens which have a general valence configuration of ns²np⁵ and are highly electronegative

Lithium (Li) is an alkali metal with a valence configuration of ns¹ and has a tendency to lose electrons readily

Neon (Ne) is a noble gas with a valence configuration of ns²np⁶. Here the outer shells have a complete octet and stable configuration which makes it difficult to remove electrons. In addition the high nuclear charge and small radius of Ne results in a strong force of attraction between the nucleus and the valence electrons. Therefore, Ne would have the highest ionization energy value.

i think it's c. i'm not sure but i think so.

plasma is the state of matter where the substance is ionized and has no definite shape or volume. the fact of being ionized makes the substance a good electrical conductor.