What is true for a substance that releases energy

Calculate the expected ph values of the buffer systems from the experiments (a, b,c, d), using the henderson- hasselbalch equation, ph-pka+log[a-]/[ha]. use for pka values carbonic acid= 6.37, and acetic acid= 4.75.

The atomic radius of sodium is 186 pm and of chlorine is 100 pm. the ionic radius for na+ is 102 pm and for cl– is 181 pm. in going from na to cl in period 3, why does the atomic radius decrease while the ionic radius increases? a. the inner electrons in the sodium cation shield its valence electrons more effectively than the inner electrons in the chloride anion do. b. the inner electrons shield the valence electrons more effectively in the chlorine atom than in the chloride anion. c. the outermost electrons in chloride experience a smaller effective nuclear charge than those in the sodium cation do. d. the outermost electrons in chloride experience a larger effective nuclear charge than those in the sodium cation do. e. monatomic ions are bigger than the atoms from which they are formed.

Actual ingredients of lab (the cookies i am actually making) 1/2 cup sugar 1/2 cup brown sugar 1 1/3 stick margarine 1 egg 1/2 tsp salt 1 tsp vanilla 1/2 tsp baking soda 1 1/2 cup flour 1 1/3 cup chocolate chip can you answer the questions below ? discussion 1. suppose you are given the following amounts of ingredients: 1 dozen eggs 24 tsp. of vanilla 1 lb. (82 tsp.) of salt 1 lb. (84 tsp.) of baking soda 3 cups of chocolate chips 5 lb. (11 cups) of sugar 2 lb. (4 cups) of brown sugar 1 lb. (4 sticks) of margarine a. for each ingredient, calculate how many cookies could be prepared if all of that ingredient were consumed. (for example, the recipe shows that using 1 egg- with the right amounts of the other ingredients- yields 24 cookies. how many cookies can you make if the recipe is increased proportionately for 12 eggs? ) b. to determine the limiting reactant for the new ingredients list, identify which ingredient will result in the fewest number of cookies. c. what is the maximum number of cookies that can be produced from the new amounts of ingredients?