How friction reduces the efficiency of machines

Hello,

Work is done when a force causes an object to move in the same direction that the force is applied Friction reduces efficiency because when two surfaces slide past each other, friction resists their motion, and in real machines, some input work is always used to overcome friction.

Hope this helps (:

answer: option (b) is the correct answer.

explanation:

a covalent bond is formed by sharing of electrons. whereas polarity arises due to difference in electronegativity of two atoms.

therefore, more is the electronegativity of an atom which combines with the titanium, more readily it will induce a partial positive and negative charge.

thus, out of the given options fluorine is most electronegative and has an incomplete octet. therefore, it will readily combine with titanium to share the electrons and complete its octet.