Shaking a long metal chain up and down can create in the chain. a)surface b)transverse c)longitudinal

Shaking a long metal chain up and down can create a transverse wave in the chain.

Explanation:

Transverse wave : It is a wave which medium particles oscillate perpendicularly to the direction in which wave is travelling.

When we shake a metal chain up and down. An array of up and down movement is observed which moves from one end towards the another end of the metal chain.

the molecules move in straight line until they collide with each other or with the walls of the container. collisions are perfectly elastic; when two molecules collide, they change their directions and kinetic energies, but the total kinetic energy is conserved.

explanation:

explanation:

metals have excess of electrons whereas non-metals have deficiency of electrons. thus, in order to gain stability metals easily donate their electrons to the non-metals.

for example, electronic configuration of sodium is and electronic configuration of phosphorous is .

when a phosphorous atom and sodium atom combine together then sodium will donate is extra one electron to the phosphorous atom. as a result there will be formation of ionic bond between sodium and phosphorous.

the reaction will be as follows.

there, are three sodium sodium atoms and each of them will donate its one extra electron to phosphorous atom. thus, the sub-shell of phosphorous gets completely filled.  

thus, we can conclude that electrons are transferred from atoms of sodium to atoms of phosphorous. this transfer makes the sodium atoms donate one electron and the phosphorous atoms to gain one electron. as a result, the sodium and phosphorus atoms strongly attract each other.