If gout happens in the joint explain how it has any connection to the urinary system

Gout arises when urate crystals collected in your joint, which causes the swelling and extreme pain of a gout attack. Urate crystals can begin to exist when you have high levels of uric acid in your blood.

Generally, uric acid melts in our blood and goes through our kidneys into our urine. That is why gout is connected to the urinary system. However, every now and then either our body produces too much uric acid or our kidneys gets rid of too little uric acid. As soon as this happens, uric acid can build up, forming sharp, needle-like urate crystals in a joint or surrounding tissue that will cause excruciating pain, inflammation and swelling.

the child will have heterozygous dominant chromosomes as characters of his father are dominant over the characters of his mother.

the child is heterozygous

part 1: the half-life of the element is 22 years.

part 2: it will take 132.02 year for the sample to decay from 308.0 g to 4.8125 g.

explanation:

part 1: there are two ways to determine the half life time.

first way: the half life time can be determined directly from its definition as it is the time required for the sample to decay to its half concentration.

from the data the initial concentration was 45.0 g and decayed to its half value (22.5 g) in 22.0 years.

second way: the radio active decay is considered first order reaction so we can use the laws of first order reactions.

k = (1/t) ln (a/a-x), where k is the rate constant of the reaction,

t is the time of the reaction

a is the initial concentration of the reactant

a-x is the remaining concentration at time (t)

a = 45.0 g the initial concentration at t = 0 year.

at t = 22 year, a-x = 22.5 g

then k = (1/22 year) ln (45.0 g/ 22.5 g) = 0.0315 year-1.

the half-life time (t1/2) = ln 2/ k = 0.693/ k =0.693/ 0.0315 = 22 years.

part 2:

using the same law k = (1/t) ln (a/a-x),

using the given data; a = 308.0 g and a-x = 4.8125 g and the calculated k from the part 1 (k = 0.0315 year-1)

t = (1/k) ln (a/a-x) = (1/0.0315) ln (308.0/ 4.8125) = 132.02 years