What mass of phosphorus and of chlorine is needed to produce 87 g of pentachloride if the reaction yield is 60%?

Hey there!

theoretical yield =  (87* 100 ) / 60 = 145 g of phosphorous pentachloride

the reaction for this process is :

molar mass P2O5 => 239.2125 g/mol

molar mass P4 => 123.90 g/mol

molar mass Cl2 => 70.9060 g/mol

P4 + 5 Cl2   >  2 P2Cl5

moles of P2O5 :

145 g / 239.2125  => 0.6062 moles of P2O5

Therefore:

moles of P4 = 0.6062 mol / 2 =>  0.3031 moles

moles of Cl2 = 5/2 * 0.6062 mol  = 1.5154 moles

mass of P4 ( phosphours ) = 0.3031 mol * 123.90 => 37.554 grams

mass of Cl2 ( chlorine ) = 1.5154 mol  * 70.9060 => 107.45 grams

Hope That helps!

answer : one can design an experiment using a liquid and an additive that can be added to the liquid and observe the chemical changes in the reaction species.

one would need a beaker which is filled with a known amount of the liquid in which thermometer is placed to measure the temperature changes; after addition of the additive to the liquid solution one can note down the temperature change and find whether the reaction is endothermic or exothermic in nature. by subtracting the initial temperature value with the final temperature one can find the temperature changes.

various combinations of liquid and additive can be used. liquid in this case can be a known quantity of water and additives can be epsom salt or without epsom salt the experiment can be conducted to notice the changes. water and ice, hydrogen peroxide and dry yeast, vinegar and baking soda,etc.