What do all atoms and ions of sodium have in common?

They all have the same number of protons (12).

The number of protons (the atomic number) is the same for all atoms and ions of Na.

However, atoms and ions have different numbers of electrons.

An Na atom has 11 electrons, but an Na^(+) ion has only 10 electrons.

it is to be noted that an alpha particle is an helium nucleus. so it contains 2 protons 2 neutrons and has a mass number of 4. when alpha decay particles are ejected from the nucleus it gets transformed into an atom which has atomic number less than 2 and a mass number less than 4.

an equation that could represent alpha decay is radium 226 decay of alpha particle forms radon 222.

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