Which statement best summarizes the importance of ernest rutherford’s gold foil experiment?
a. it proved that all of john dalton’s postulates were true.
b. it verified j. j. thomson’s work on the atomic structure.
c. it showed that an electron circles a nucleus in a fixed-energy orbit.
d. it showed that a nucleus occupies a small part of the whole atom.

The correct answer is Option D.

Explanation:

Ernest Rutherford gave a model which was known as Gold-foil experiment.

In this experiment, he took a gold foil and he bombarded alpha particles (carrying +2 charge) on it. He assumed that all the particles will pass through the foil due to the presence of a lot of empty space. But, to his surprise some of the particles deflected their path and a few of them bounced back their way at an angle of 180°.

He, then concluded that the gold foil must have something which has the same charge as that of alpha particle and occupies a small amount of space. Hence, he discovered that an atom has a nucleus which carries positive charge and occupies a small amount of space.

Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

- calcium has greater affinity to bond with electron receptors than hydrogen does and hence, it has the ability to replace hydrogen in most of its compounds.

- lithium has 2 valence electrons in the product because it can make only 1 bond with hydrogen. beryllium has 4 valence electrons in the product because it can only make 2 bonds. it has fewer electrons than neon and can react with electron donors. each hydrogen has 2 valence electrons, the same as helium.

- the covalent bond formed between carbon and hydrogen is polar because carbon is more electronegative than hydrogen and it attracts the bonded electron pair closer to itself, thus giving hydrogen a partial positive charge.

- a hydrogen bond is a relatively weak bond that hydrogen atoms make with the electronegative atoms nitrogen, oxygen or fluorine.

so the best choice is a.) 2 calcium (ca) atoms

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