Why do toasters always have a setting that burns the toast to a horrible crisp, which no decent human being would eat?

In the cathode ray tube experiment, j. j. thomson passed an electric current through different gases inside a cathode ray tube in the presence of an electric field. in which two ways did this experiment change scientists’ understanding of the atom?

In a chemical reaction at equilibrium, the rate of the forward reaction the rate of the reverse reaction. if the rate of the forward reaction more products are formed.

What term describes technology that operates on an atomic level