Which molecule is a stereoisomer of trans-2-pentene?

Answer : cis-2-pentene

Explanation : The stereoisomers are the compound which differs only in the spatial arrangement of the atoms across the stereogenic centers.

There are mainly two forms of stereoisomers cis and trans. Cis-isomers are those where the two bulky or functional groups are arranged on the same side across the stereogenic center; whereas, in trans-isomers the two bulky groups or functional groups are arranged in the opposite sides of stereogenic center.

a rain shadow is a dry region of land on the side that is protected against the prevailing winds of a mountain range. the prevailing winds are the winds that occur most of the time in a particular place of the earth

prevailing winds carry air toward the mountain range. as the air rises up over a mountain range, the air cools, water vapor condenses, and clouds form. on this side of the mountains, called the windward side, precipitation falls in the form of  rain  or snow. this dry air produces a  rain shadow.