Which of the following does not influence the effectiveness of a detergent? a-air temperature b-water temperature c-energy applied d-the length and frequency of the treatment

A-air temperature does not influence the effectiveness of a detergent

In chemical reactions several factors influence among others:

1. Temperature

The temperature of the reaction that is raised will cause the particles to move more actively so that collisions between particles will become more frequent so that the speed of chemical reactions will be greater

2. Pressure

Addition of pressure will increase the concentration because the volume is reduced, a greater concentration will accelerate the reaction

3. Concentration / substance level

The greater the level, the more substances dissolved and involved in the reaction, thereby increasing the speed of the reaction

4. Stirring

The mechanical force applied to the solution that reacts will cause more collisions to accelerate the reaction

5 Catalysts

Addition of a catalyst to accelerate the reaction without reaction with reactant substances

Detergents are used as cleaning removers of dirt on clothes or oily/fatty items

The main structure of detergent is surfactant which has hydrophobic (binding fat) and hydrophilic (which binds water) parts

Surfactants also function to reduce water surface tension so that it is easier to bind dirt

Surfactants can be anionic in which there are derivatives of Benzene, namely: Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate obtained from sulfonation reactions where hydrogen in benzene is substituted by sulfonate groups (HSO₃⁻) reaction with sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄)

If we see the answer choices:

A. Air temperature

Air does not play a role in the reaction or cleaning process of dirt by detergents, so it is not an effective or ineffective factor in detergent cleaning

B. Water temperature

The right water temperature by adjusting the conditions of clothing materials will increase the effectiveness of detergents, for example, hot temperatures suitable for lifting oil/oil stains, warm/cold temperatures for clothes that are not too dirty and made of silk/wool

C. Energy gave

The energy in the cleaning process can be done through mechanical energy so that the collision between the particles of detergent and dirt will occur more so that faster removal of dirt

D. the length and frequency of the treatment

Sufficient time and the frequency of contact between detergents and ingredients, especially for dirty and hard-to-lose materials, will make removal of dirt better

the effect of temperature and surface area on the rate of chemical reactions

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The factor causes the particles in a chemical reaction to slow down

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the factor can decrease the rate of a chemical reaction

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factors could be used to increase the reaction rate

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Keywords: detergent, reaction rate, temperature, Catalysts, Pressure, Concentration/substance level