1. what is the london underground?

2. describe the original problem in london that led to the need for the underground. how is that problem similar to issues the city has today?

3. explain the major differences in how the original system was built as compared to how the new pieces of the underground are being built today.

4. what is crossrail? describe how it will change london’s underground and when it is expected to be ready for service.

5. what are tbm’s? describe what they are used for in the crossrail project.

6. describe the “seye of the needle”s and what makes this piece of the project more challenging than other aspects.

7. given the various work sites highlighted in the video, which piece of the project do you think is the biggest challenge and why?

8. discuss how engineers monitor things above ground to ensure below ground construction does not negatively impacting existing structures near soho square.

9. discuss why the

1. London UnderGround is a public rapid transit system that connects various cities in England.
London Underground is the first underground railway that ever created in the world and predicted to carry approximately more than 1.3 Billion Passengeeach year.

2. The original problem was that there's too much traffic on the street of London during that time., which reduce people's overall productivity because they have to spend a large amount of their time stuck on the road. Even until this day, this problem is not 100% resolved.

3. The major difference would be the transportation vehicle and the number of lines.
Initially, London underground was a pedestrian tunnel with only one line. In current time, London underground is a train transportation system with 13 lines that connect various cities.

4. Cross rail is the latest line that created in London Underground, which opened up a new route Between  Maidenhead and Heathrow.
This line is about 118 Kilometers in length and is planned to be ready to use by December 9th 2018

5. TBM stands for tunnel boring machines .
tunnel boring machines  are the equipment that is used to excavate tunnels through soil and rocks. Compared to other method, tunnel boring machines provide less disturbance,  smoother tunnel wall, and less chance to destroy the foundation on the upper ground.

6. Eye of the needle refers to the  very crowded space that the Tunnel Boring much get through in order to create the Tunnel.
This particular region tend to be realy hard to handle because small mistakes could make the tunnel walls to crumble and cause many harms to the workers underneath it.

7.  I  believe the biggest challenge would be grathering necessary budget.
the investment in creating underground tunnel, commonly only produce return of investmant in around 10-15 Years.
So, finding the orgaizations who are willing to take this risk is extremely difficult.

8. They allocate the engineers to both the bottom and upper ground at the same time.
The botto team is responsible in creating the tunnel, the upper team is responsible in identifying several characteristics such as Crack on the ground or hollow space.

Government ownership and control of resources