What is the current most expensive part of the federal budget?

Assume the government imposes a $2.25 tax on suppliers, which results in a shift of the supply curve from s1 to s2. the price the seller receives for the product after paying the tax is

Mcdonald's fast-food restaurants have a well-designed training program for all new employees. each new employee is supposed to learn how to perform standardized tasks required to maintain mcdonald's service quality. due to labor shortages in some areas, new employees begin work as soon as they are hired and do not receive any off-the-job training. this nonconformity to standards creates

(a) what was the opportunity cost of non-gm food for many buyers before 2008? (b) why did they prefer the alternative? (c) what was the opportunity cost in 2008? (d) why did it change?